Google Chrome was once the best browser available. Then Google decided to make money off of everyone using it so it ended up getting loaded down with bloatware and trackers that can't be disabled. In spite of this, it remains the most widely used browser on the planet.
There ARE infinitely superior options out there. I'm going to go one at a time, starting with my top pick and working my way down. As far as add-ons/extensions are concerned, the fewer you have installed on your browser of choice the more secure you are. The only browser add-ons/extensions I recommend are uBlock Origin, Privacy Badger (works similar to uBlock Origin but it never hurts to have redundancies in place "just in case"), ClearURLs (for Firefox, this is unnecessary on Brave), and Facebook Container (for Firefox).
There are hardening guides out there that articulate the steps better than I ever could. For reference, I recommend Techlore's videos on some of these browsers for further details.
NOTE 1: As explained in "Android vs iPhone," as of this writing all browsers running on iOS are based on the open source Webkit engine. Browser developers have made their iOS apps function just like their original versions. While most browsers below are also available on iOS, when I say something is based on a certain other engine it's generally for Windows, Linux, and Android.
NOTE 2: iOS does not have "Nightly" or "Canary" versions of certain browsers.
NOTE 3: On Android, download FFUpdater through F-Droid. You can get most of the below browsers off of that app and downloaded directly from the open source repositories.
NOTE 4: Browsers can be very dangerous and are often an attack vector for hackers. Make sure your browsers stay up to date and disable JavaScript whenever possible (like you did to see this site).
Chromium-based browser. I'm recommending this one with a warning: Brave may have great ad and tracker blocking out of the box, but if you want maximum privacy and security you need to disable a LOT of settings both in the main Settings menu and in brave://flags. Also, CEO Brendan Eich has a rather checkered past I won't go into here.
Vivaldi is another Chromium-based browser with an emphasis on not only privacy and security but also functionality. No, Vivaldi is not fully open source but they have valid reasons for that. What it lacks in total transparency it more than makes up for in functionality and I thus have added it to this list. Another huge selling point for me is that Vivaldi's dev team has committed to not adding artificial "intelligence" to the browser. There is also a "snapshot" version of Vivaldi available, but you'll only be able to install either stable or snapshot on Windows (you can install both on Linux, Android, and as of 10/12/2023 iOS via the Testflight app).
Gecko-based browsers. All of the above are very good.
Cromite (Android only)
Chromium-based browser with an emphasis on privacy.
Tor Browser (not available on iOS, but the Guardian Project does recommend a third-party app called Onion Browser)
A Gecko-based browser that gets you onto the Tor network. It is NOT recommended to change any settings aside from the Security one to either "Safer" or "Safest." It is NOT recommended to install any additional add-ons to Tor Browser, as more add-ons will just fingerprint you. It is NOT recommended to maximize the window on the desktop version, as that would also fingerprint you. There is also an Alpha version of Tor Browser available on Android.
The publicly available version of Chromium will still insist on phoning home to Google. It's just as bad as Chrome. Stick with Brave, Vivaldi, Cromite, and Mulch.
Honorable mention goes to the CalyxOS verison of Chromium. Prior to an update it was based off of official Chromium but since looks like a fork of the discontinued Android version of Ungoogled Chromium. The reason it's an honorable mention is because it's only available on CalyxOS.
Just FYI, I've looked into both IceCat and PaleMoon. IceCat hasn't been updated in a few years and is practically abandonware. PaleMoon lacks support for uBlock Origin, which is a must in my opinion. Use those two browsers at your own risk.
Starting June 2024, Google Chrome will begin the phaseout of Manifest v2 extensions in an effort to kill adblockers and content blockers. This will affect anyone using uBlock Origin in Chrome. Brave, Vivaldi, and Firefox have all said they'll continue to support Manifest v2, as if you needed yet another reason to switch browsers.